Locomotive cylinder and smoke box saddle



.flufiy 3 1934. K. s. HOWARD 1,954,991.

LOCOMOTIVE CYLINDER AND SMOKE BOX SADDLE Filed June 26, 1931-; 6Sheets-Sheet l Jully 3, 1934. K. s. HOWARD LOCOMOTIVE CYLINDER AND SMOKEBOX SADDLE Filed June 26, 1951 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 3, 1934. K. s.HOWARD LOCOMOTIVE CYLINDER AND SMOKE BOX SADDLE Filed June 26, 1951 6Sheets-Sheet 3 y 9 E934. K. s. HOWARD LOCOMOTIVE CYLINDER AND SMOKE BOXSADDLE Filed June 26, 1931 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 July 3, 1934. KxS. HOWARDLOCOMOTIVE CYLINDER AND SMOKE BOX SADDLE Filed June 26, 1931- 6Sheets-Sheet 5 7 Awe/Way INDER AND SMOKE BOX SADDLE Filed June 26, 19316 Sheets-Sheet 6 16M Jf/ormkd Patented July 3, 1934 1,964,9Q1

UNETED STATES PATENT OFFICE LOCQMOTEVE CYLINDER AND SMOKE BOX SADDLEKarl S. Howard, St. Louis, Mo., assignor to General Steel CastingsCorporation, Granite City, 11., a corporation of Delaware ApplicationJune 26, 1931, Serial No. 547,136 45 Claims. (01. 105l4) The inventionrelates to railway rolling stock more nearly equal than in the earlierstructures and particularly to steam locomotives and conwhere thecylinder ends had no movement. sists in a novel cylinder and saddle andadjacent The present structure also eliminates the tendframin structureand, in the preferred form, ency to distort the cylinder and throw itout of embodies a structure in which the main frames, round which ispresent in the usual structure 60 saddle, cylinders, exhaust passagewaysand smoke where the cylinder wall is held rigid throughout box supportare integral with each other. its length on one side by the relativelycold bed The invention is directed to eliminating strains or frame butis free to expand on the other side. in the bed and cylinder saddlestructure which The valve chambers are carried by the cylinresult fromthe heating of the main steam cylinder and are free to move therewith.The ex- 65 der, steam valve chamber and exhaust steam haust steampassageways extend through the side passageways. The frame and portionsof the walls of the smoke box saddle without being sesaddle are exposedto the atmosphere and therecured thereto and are disconnected at theirinner fore subjected to temperatures ranging down to ends and shaped soas to expand without affector below zero whereas the steam receiving ingthe spacing between the opposite cylinders members mentioned above aresubjected to temand valve chambers. peratures ranging up to 600 and 800above zero This structure attains the general objects indiat the presenttime and the modern tendency is cated above as well as other moredetailed objects to increase steam temperatures in locomotive which willappear from the following specifica- 20 operation. tion and examinationof the accompanying draw- In the usual construction now in use, thecylings in which inders are tied to the frame at both ends and Figure lisa top view of the cylinder, saddle and the longitudinal expansion. ofthe cylinders causes adjacent frame portion of a locomotive, a partstrains both in the frame and the cylinders. The of the figure being ahorizontal section taken on 25 exhaust steam passageways from the valvechainthe line l1 of Figure 2. hers to the exhaust nozzle usually form asub- FigureZis a vertical transverse section taken on stantiallycontinuous member between the valve the line 22 of Figure 1. chambers onopposite sides of the locomotive. Figure 3 is a side elevation of thestructure This member is rigid with the saddle and other shown inFigures 1 and 2.

30 framing members and in many modern locomo- Figures 4 and 7 arevertical transverse sections tives all of the parts mentioned are castin one taken on the lines 44 and 7-7 of Figure 2. piece. The expansionfrom the presence of hot Figure 5 is a horizontal section taken on theline steam amounts to about three-sixteenths 5-5 of Figure 3. O a h nthe app a ely eight foot dis- Figure 6 is a vertical transverse sectiontaken 35 tance between the centers of the opposite cylinon the line 6-6of Figure 1. ders which sets up transverse strains in addition Figure 8is a horizontal section through a part to th longitudinal strainsmentioned. All of of a modified structure and is taken on the line thesestrains are of such magnitude that the 8-8 of Figure 9. framing andSaddle Structure is f equently seri- Figure 9 is a vertical transversesection through 40 ously injured. Furthermore, the lateral expan: thesame structure taken approximately on the sion tends to throw the valveout of alignment line 99 of Figure 8. with its operating mechanism andto throw the Figure 10 is a top view and horizontal section pistons outof alinement with the cross heads. through another modified structureand is taken The preferred form of the present invention on the line 1010 of Figure 11. I 45 provides a transverse beam of suincient strengthFigure 11 is a vertical transverse section taken to carry the cylindersat its ends and to withon the line 1111 of Figure 10. stand the pistonthrust. The cylinders are at- Figure 12 is a side elevation of thestructure tached to this beam at their rear ends only and shown inFigures 10 and 11. g are free to expand forwardly independently of theFigure 13 is a longitudinal vertical section taken 50 frame. on the line13-13 of Figure 11. When the piston rod is heated by the steam, Figure14 is a horizontal section taken on the it also tends to elongate andthis elongation will line l414 of Figure 12. be in the same direction asthe expansion of the Figure 15 is in part a top view and in part acylinder and, consequently, the piston clearance horizontal sectionillustrating a modified form of 5 at each end of the cylinder will bemaintained the invention. 11

Figures 16 and 17 are vertical sections taken on the correspondingsection lines of Figure 15.

Figure 18 is a top view and horizontal section illustrating another formof the invention.

Figure 19 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the line 19-19 ofFigure 18.

Many features of the invention may be em bodied in a built-up structurein which the cylinders, valve chambers, boiler supporting saddle andside frames are formed separately from each other and bolted, riveted orwelded together, but the preferred structure is embodied in a one-piececasting forming the locomotive bed and cylinders, steam passageways,valve chambers and smoke box support. Such a bed is illustrated in thedrawings with a box-like main frame 1, the top and bottom walls of whichare extended laterally, as indicated at 2 and 3, respectively, to form abeam extending across the locomotive and beyond the side walls of themain frame member. A vertical web 4 extends between the side walls ofmember 1 and is provided with extensions 5 which form at least a part ofthe rear heads of the main steam cylinder 6. A diagonal web '7 extendsbetween horizon tal webs 2 and 3 and forms a brace for the outer ends ofthe transverse beam.

The cylinders 6 extends forwardly from the beam and are spaced from thesides of member 1 and have no rigid connections with the latter forwardof the transverse beam, although, if desired, a flexible plate P may beriveted to suitable flanges 8 and 9 on the main frame and cylinder toafford support for the forward end of the latter without undulyresisting relative longitudinal movement between the cylinder and theframe.

The rear head of the cylinder may be entirely integral therewith, asindicated on the left hand side of Figure 5, or the major portion of thecylinder head may be detachable from the body of the cylinder, asindicated at the right hand side of Figure 5. Suitable openings 10 areprovided in web 7 for passage therethrough of the cross head guides 11and of the piston rods, the guides being mounted on pads 30 on plates 2and 3.

The side walls of the main frame member are extended upwardly, asindicated at 13, and similar upward extensions of transverse webs 4 and14 form the rear and front walls 15 and 16 of the boiler supportingsaddle.

The steam valve chambers 17 are integral with cylinders 6 and areprovided with integral exhaust steam passageways 18 extending inwardlyand upwardly through suitable openings 19 in the saddle side walls 13.The exhaust steam passageways for each valve chamber merge with eachother in the usual manner in a common outlet 20 which terminates in aspherical element 21 adapted to seat a spherical terminal 22 formed onthe lower end of an inverted V-shaped exhaust pipe 23 and carries anozzle N. A spherical bolting member s 24 serves to hold the nozzle tothe end of the exhaust steam passageway but the spherical joint formedby elements 21, 22 and 24 permits relative movement of the same as maybe induced by expansion and contraction of the parts.

A plate 25 is seated in a suitable recess in the smoke box saddle andforms a part of the cover for the smoke box, the cover being completedby the inverted cup-like plate 26 having a corrugation 27 forfacilitating expansion of its different sections.

The saddle preferably includes an integral center plate member 28 andsuitable longitudinal reinforcing webs 29 extend through the saddle andfor a substantial distance on each side thereof to assist the frame incarrying the load supported on the front truck.

The facility with which lagging may be applied to the cylinders 6 isWell illustrated at L in Figure 5 and is shown as provided with theusual jacket J which secures the lagging in position. It will be notedthat the lagging extends over the inner portion of the cylinder adjacentto the bed and forms an insulation between the cylinder and the frame sothat the temperature of neither affects the other.

Attention is directed also to the bushings B, lining cylinders 6, whichare directly exposed to the temperature of the steam and which hithertohave had a tendency to expand relative to the cylinders which have beenheld against expansion by their connections to the main frame. In thestructure illustrated, the bushings and cylinder walls can expandtogether and. another destructive tendency of the older structures isrelieved or eliminated.

Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a modified form of support for the front endof the cylinder 31. A bracket 32 is secured to the main frame 33 and hasa T slot receiving a sliding block 34 welded on the cylinder at W. Thisdevice functions similarly to the flexible plate '7 of the preferredstructure and it will be understood that neither of these front endsupports for the cylinder is essential and both may be eliminated ifdesired.

Figures 10 to 14 illustrate a modified structure in which the transversebeam extending across the locomotive bed at the rear of the cylinders iseliminated and the cylinders 35 and 36 are carried by verticaltransverse webs 3'7 and 38 projecting from the side walls 39 of the bodyof the frame. Diagonal reinforcing members 40 cooperate with thecylinders and webs 3'7 and 38 to resist the longitudinal forces arisingfrom the piston thrust.

The exhaust steam passageways 41 extend inwardly from the valve chambers42 through the side walls 43 of the smoke box support and upwardly intothe smoke box similarly to the disposition of these shown in Figure 2.The smoke box cover plate 44, however, is supported directly on theouter walls of the exhaust steam passageways and the plate may becorrugated, as indicated at 45. to accommodate relative movement of theexhaust steam passageway and the adjacent saddle wall. An intermediatecover plate 46 may be provided to span the space between the exhauststeam passageways. Preferably plates 44 and 46 are welded to each otherand to the saddle walls and to the exhaust steam passageways asindicated at W.

In the modification illustrated in Figures 15, 16 and 17, the rearexhaust steam passageways 50 merge with the rear wall 51 and side walls52 of the smoke box support at a point adjacent to the rear part of thesupport and the transverse beam which mounts the cylinders and supplychambers. Front passageways 53 extend through suitable openings 54provided therefor in the side walls 52. Passageways 50 and 53 for eachsupply chamber merge with each other at 55 and form an outlet portionspaced from the corresponding portion of the passageways from theopposite supply chamber.

With this structure, the rear passageways are formed integral with thesaddle, beam, supply chamber and cylinder and contribute to the supportof the latter from the locomotive underframe main member. At the sametime, the

passageways in the structure l tudinal cylinder and supply chamber mayexpand longitudinally of the locomotive without restraint by the forwardpassageways.

In the modification shown in Figures 18 and 19, the left-handpassageways and 61 both extend through openings 62 and 63 providedtherefor in the side wall 64 of the smoke box support and then mergewith each other at 65 to form an outlet portion terminating in anupwardly extending pipe 66 located on the longitudinal center line ofthe locomotive structure.

Similarly, right-hand passageways 67 and 68 extend through the side wallof the smoke box and merge at 69 in a common outlet portion terminatingin an upright pipe 70 located on the center line of the locomotive infront of pipe 66. Pipes 66 and '70 have no direct connection with eachother but a plate 71 is fitted over the tops of the pipes and maintainsthe distance between their axes while permitting these axes to movetransversely of the locomotive by swinging around a center intermediatethe axes. This construction permits the passageways to expandtransversely of the locomotive without varying the distance between thelower branches 72 of the exhaust nozzle member 73 which may ro tate onits axis to accommodate the movement of pipes 66 and '70.

The structures described above eliminate the difiiculties referred to inthe introductory part of this specification and also tend to relievemany strains which may be set up in the casting of a large bed of thistype. The described structure will eliminate the necessity of providingslip joints for the cross head guides to prevent the guide head bracketsfrom being pushed out of place by cylinder expansion. The spacing of thebody of the cylinder from the frame wall makes possible the applicationof lagging around the entire periphery of the cylinder. This is anadvantage over the usual form of construction in which the cylinder isattached to the frame along the entire length and only a portion of theperiphery can be lagged. In this manner the temperature of the cylinderwalls is kept more uniform and consequently distortion of the cylinderbarrel due to unequal heating is prevented.

The accompanying drawings illustrate castings each of which forms asaddle extending from j side to side of the locomotive and includes theopposite main steam cylinders in an integral structure. It is a commonpractice to form cylinder and smoke box saddles in two halves adapted tobe bolted together either along the longicenter line of the locomotiveor to one side thereof. The present invention may be embodied in suchconstructions and when utilized will tend to eliminate the stresses onthe attaching bolts, and thereby avoid the necessity of frequentinspection and tightening of the same and at the same time avoid theundesirable stresses previously referred to.

While the invention has been described as ap plied to the usual mainsteam cylinders and exhaust steam passageways of steam locomotives, it

is to be understood that the invention may be embodied in locomotivesutilizing motive fluid other than steam.

Obviously, various other modifications as to details and differentcombinations of the particular features may be made without departingfrom the spirit of the invention and I contemplate the exclusive use ofall such variations and combinations as come within the scope of myclaims.

What is claimed is:

1. A locomotive integral structure comprising a cylinder, a valvechamber connected with said cylinder, a boiler-supporting box-likesaddle, including an upstanding wall, and a top wall each provided withan opening, and an exhaust steam passageway connected with said valvechamber and extending through said openings free of rigid connection tosaid wall and adapted to expand without straining said structure.

2. A locomotive integral structure comprising a valve chamber, anupstanding wall for supporting the boiler and provided with an opening,saddle members holding said wall rigid and an exhaust steam passagewayconnected with said valve chamber and extending through said opening andfree of rigid connection with said wall and said members and adapted toexpand without straining said structure.

3. In a locomotive saddle, cylinders at the sides thereof, supply valvechambers carried on said cylinders, exhaust steam passageways extendinginwardly from said chambers independently of each other, and upwardlyextending boiler support elements spaced from said passageways and freeof rigid connection therewith and rigidly connected with each otheracross the saddle by transverse elements also free of rigid connectionwith said passageways.

4. In a locomotive saddle, cylinders carried at the sides thereof,supply valve chambers carried on said cylinders, exhaust steampassageways having continuous wall surfaces and extending inwardly fromsaid chambers and curved upwardly, upwardly extending boiler supportelements adjacent to said cylinders and spaced from said passageways andfree of rigid connection therewith, and boiler support members extendingacross the saddle at each side of said connecting said elements.

5. An integral structure comprising a locomotive box-like boilersupport, cylinders and supply valve chambers outside of said support,and nontelescoping exhaust steam passageways free of attachment to saidsupport and extending inwardly from said chambers and curved upwardly,there being openings in the sides of said support surrounding saidpassageways, whereby the latter may expand and contract withoutrestraint by said boiler support.

6. In a locomotive saddle structure, a valve chamber and a fluidpassageway extending inwardly and upwardly from said chamber through thesaddle and supported only by said chamber.

7. In combination, a locomotive saddle and a main steam cylinder carriedat one end only on said saddle.

8. A locomotive structure comprising a main frame member and a cylinderrigidly connected to said member and spaced from said main frame membersubstantially throughout its length to provide for lagging between thecylinder barrel and said main frame member to prevent the transferenceof heat from the walls of said cylinder to said main frame member.

9. In combination, a locomotive structure comprising a valve chamber anda fluid passageway extending from said chamber to an exhaust stack andsupported solely by said valve chamber.

10. In combination, a structure comprising a locomotive main framingmember and a main steam cylinder rigidly connected to said member at oneend only.

11. In combination, a structure comprising a locomotive main framingmember, a main steam cylinder rigidly connected at one end only to saidpassageways and member, and a head for said cylinder formed integralwith said member.

12. In a locomotive structure, an underframe, a beam extendingtransversely of said underframe beyond the sides thereof, cylindersrigidly connected to said beam at one end only of each cylinder, andcylinder heads formed integral with the outer portions of said beam.

13. In a locomotive structure, a main side frame member, a bracketextending outwardly therefrom for supporting a cylinder thereon at oneof the end portions of said cylinder only, and a cylinder head formedintegral with said bracket.

14. In combination, a structure comprising a locomotive main framingmember, a cylinder rigidly connected at one end only to said member, anda valve chamber supported solely by said cylinder.

15. In combination, a structure comprising a locomotive main framingmember, a cylinder rigidly connected at one end only to said member, avalve chamber supported solely by said cylinder, and a fluid passagewayconnected to said chamber and supported solely by said chamber.

16. In a locomotive saddle, a base member, a cylinder extendingalongside of said base member and a vertical transversely extending webconnecting one end portion of said cylinder with said base member and abrace between said web and said base member, the other end of saidcylinder being free to expand and contract relative to said base member.

17. In a locomotive structure, a main side framing member, a bracketprojecting therefrom, and a cylinder secured at one of its ends only tosaid bracket.

18. In a locomotive structure, a main side framing member, a bracketprojecting therefrom, a cylinder secured at one of its ends only to saidbracket, and elements on said bracket for mounting cross head guides.

19. In a locomotive integral structure, a main side frame, a transverseupright web extending between and projecting beyond said frame, a mainsteam cylinder carried by and extending from the projecting portion ofsaid web longitudinally of the side frame, and a brace extending fromthe end of said portion to said side frame.

20. In a locomotive structure, an underframe, a beam extendingtransversely of said underframe beyond the sides thereof, and cylinderscarried by said beam at one end only of each of said cylinders, saidcylinders projecting from said beam substantially free of saidunderframe.

21. In a locomotive structure, an underframe, a boiler supportingsaddle, and a beam comprising elements in addition to the saddle wallextending across and projecting laterally on each side of saidunderframe at the rear of said saddle and arranged to carry cylinderslocated at the sides of said saddle.

22. In a locomotive structure, an underframe, a boiler supportingsaddle, a transversely extending member comprising elements in additionto the saddle wall and having an outwardly projecting portion and anupwardly projecting portion, a cylinder carried by said outwardlyprojecting portion and connected thereto at one end of said cylinderonly, and a valve chamber connected to and supported by said cylinderand upwardly projecting portion.

23. In a locomotive cylinder saddle structure, upright webs forming aboiler support, a cylinder supported by said structure at one end only,

a valve chamber supported by said cylinder, fluid passageways extendingfrom said valve chamber to the interior of said support, certain of saidpassageways being rigid with said webs and forming with said webs asupport for said valve chamber, and others of said passageways extendingthrough openings provided therefor in said webs.

24. In a locomotive cylinder saddle structure,

a boiler support, a cylinder supported by said structure at one end onlyof said cylinder, a valve chamber supported by said cylinder, a fluidpassageway extending from said valve to the interior of said support andrigidly connected to the latter so as to form a support for said valvechamber,

and another fluid passageway extending from said valve chamber throughan opening in said support.

25. In a locomotive, a main frame, a cylinder rigidly mounted at one endon said main frame and means supporting the opposite end of saidcylinder from said main frame but arranged to yield longitudinally ofsaid main frame to accommodate expansion of said cylinder.

26. In combination, a structure comprising a locomotive main frame and.a cylinder rigidly connected to said main frame at one end only, and asupport for said cylinder at its opposite end carried by said main frameand arranged to accommodate relative movement of said opposite end andsaid main frame.

27. In a locomotive structure, a smokebox support comprising side walls,a bottom plate, spaced fluid passageways curving inwardly and upwardlythrough said support, and a support top member, said top membercomprising a plate carried by the walls of said support and fittingaround said passageways, and another plate over the opening in saidfirst mentioned plate between said passageways.

28. In a locomotive saddle structure, exhaust steam passagewaysextending through said structure and spaced from each other throughouttheir length, and a member adjacent said passageways and havingconverging legs mounted on said passageways and forming a flexibleconnection between said passageways and a common exhaust nozzle.

29. In a locomotive cylinder saddle structure, fluid cylinders on eachside of said structure and supported thereby, valve chambers supportedby said cylinders, fluid passageways extending from said chambersinwardly and having outlets spaced from each other longitudinally of thelocomotive, an exhaust pipe mounted on said passageways above saidoutlets and having a single outlet in its upper portion, saidpassageways being free to move transversely of the locomotive at saidoutlet portions relative to each other to accommodate expansion whenheated.

30. In a locomotive cylinder saddle structure, fluid cylinders on eachside of said structure and supported thereby, valve chambers supportedby said cylinders, fluid passageways extending from said chambersinwardly and having outlets spaced from each other longitudinally of the10- comotive, an exhaust pipe mounted on said passageways above saidoutlets and having a single outlet in its upper portion, saidpassageways being free to move transversely of the locomotive at saidoutlet portions relative to each other to accommodate expansion whenheated, said exhaust pipe being arranged to rotate on its vertical axisto accommodate relative transverse movement of said passageways.

31. In a locomotive cylinder saddle structure,

fluid cylinders on each side of said structure and supported thereby,valve chambers supported by said cylinders, fluid passageways extendingfrom said chambers inwardly and having outlets spaced from each otherlongitudinally of the locomotive,

an exhaust pipe mounted on said passageways above said outlets andhaving a single outlet in its upper portion, said passageways being freeto move transversely of the locomotive at said outlet portions relativeto each other to accommodate expansion when heated, said exhaust pipebeing arranged to rotate on its vertical axis to accommodate relativetransverse movement of said passageways, and a link fitted over saidoutlets so as to maintain said outlets a given distance apart under allconditions.

32. An integral saddle structure for a locomotive comprising cylinders,valve chambers therefor, and non-telescoping fluid passageways extendinginwardly and upwardly from said valve chambers through said structure,the inner portions of said passageways being separated from the otherelements of the structure to relieve strains due to variations intemperature of said parts.

33. In a locomotive cylinder saddle structure, upright transverse andlongitudinally extending webs forming a boiler support, and fluidpassage ways extending from the exterior of said support to the interiorthereof, certain of said passageways being rigid with said webs andothers of said passageways extending through openings provided thereforin said webs.

34. In a locomotive cylinder saddle structure, a boiler support, rigidmeans for mounting cylinders and fluid supply chambers at opposite sidesof said support, and fluid passageway structure extending from saidsupply chambers inwardly through the sides of said support andterminating in outlet portions adjacent the center of the saddlestructure, the outlet portion of the passageway structure leading fromone of said cylinders and supply chambers overlapping the outlet portionof the passageway structure from the opposite cylinder and chamberlongitudinally of the locomotive, said outlet portions being free tomove transversely of the locomotive relative to each other to relievestrains due to variations in temperature of said parts.

35. In a locomotive saddle structure, a base member, a cylinderextending alongside of said base member, and spaced transverselyextending walls connecting one end portion of said cylinder with saidbase member, the other end of said cylinder being free to expand andcontract relative to said base member.

36. In a locomotive saddle casting, a base member, a boiler supportthereon, a cylinder secured at one end only to said base member, asupply valve chamber carried on said cylinder and a fluid passagewayextending from said valve chamber through said boiler support but spacedtherefrom and spaced from said base member.

37. In combination, a locomotive saddle, a main steam cylinder, and abushing lining the inner wall of said cylinder, said cylinder beingcarried by said saddle at one end only whereby said cylinder may expandand contract with said bushing without stressing said saddle.

38. In combination, a locomotive main framing member, and a main steamcylinder having a bushing lining its inner wall, said cylinder beingrigidly connected to said member at one end only and free to expandaxially with said bushing.

39. In a locomotive structure, a main side framing member, a bracketprojecting therefrom, and a cylinder having its inner wall lined with asuitable bushing, said cylinder being secured at one of its ends only tosaid bracket, with its other end being free to move relative to saidmember.

40. In a locomotive, an underframe structure including valve chambersand a boiler saddle, a smoke box supported by said saddle, and exhauststeam passages extending from said chambers through the lower wall ofsaid smoke box and spaced throughout their lengths from each other andfrom the remaining portions of said structure, said passages formin airtight joints with said smoke box lower wall, and said wall havingdepressed portions adjacent said joints adapted to permit expansion andcontraction of said passages.

41. In a locomotive, an underframe structure including valve chambersand a boiler saddle, a smoke box supported by said saddle, and exhauststeam passages extending from said chambers into said smoke box andspaced throughout their lengths from the remaining portions of saidstructure, there being bolting flanges on the upper ends of saidpassages, and the lower wall of said smoke box being shaped to form airtight joints with said passages below said flanges.

42. In combination, a locomotive boiler supporting saddle structurehaving a rigid box-like form and including an upstanding wall providedwith an opening, and an exhaust steam passageway having a continuouswall surface and extending in an are through said opening and the saddleinterior and free of rigid connection to the walls of said saddlestructure whereby said passageway may expand without straining saidstructure.

43. A structure as specified in claim 42 embodied in a onepiece caststructure.

44. A saddle construction consisting of a chambered casting withopenings in the walls and involving a cylinder and a valve chamber, andintegral exhaust conduits leading from the valve chamber and disposedthrough the openings into the casting and independent of the structuralwalls of the casting.

45. A cylinder saddle structure comprising a single piece casting formedto provide integral valve chambers, cylinders and exhaust conduits atopposite ends of the valve chambers; the exhaust conduits being disposedthrough the casting in dissociated relation with the walls thereof.

KARL S. HOWARD.

